Journal of Literary Criticism and Rhetoric

Journal of Literary Criticism and Rhetoric

Comparison of Rhetorical Repetition in Anvari's and Saadi's Ghazals

Document Type : scientific-research

Authors
Saeed Rahimi 1
Alireza Emami 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Language and Linguistics Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
2 . Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
10.22059/jlcr.2026.412061.2116
Abstract
Anvari-e Abivardi is one of the great poets of the sixth century AH. His fame in the history of Persian literature is mostly due to his writing of technical odes. But apart from this, he is also considered one of the influential poets in the Persian ghazal tradition; in such a way that he can be considered one of the main role models of Saadi, one of the peaks of Persian ghazal, in ghazal writing. The themes of the ghazals of these two poets are mostly expressions of romantic states, the mysteries of love, descriptions of the lover's states and his need for the beloved. Apart from the thematic similarities, by examining and comparing the rhetorical and linguistic features of Anvari's and Saadi's ghazals, one can further understand the stylistic aspects of this influence. Researchers have written about the grammatical, syntactic and linguistic aspects in which Saadi's influence on Anvari is seen; for example, the similarity of the two poets in the rhetorical use of prepositions. By reflecting on the rhetoric of these two poets, we find that one of the common symbols in their rhetoric is the way they use lexical repetitions. In such a way that repetition in the speech of these two poets has an artistic, aesthetic and distinctive aspect. In this study, an attempt has been made to make a comparison between the rhetorical repetitions of Anvari and Saadi so that through this, the rhetorical development of Persian ghazal in the poetic relations between Anvari and Saadi can be addressed with a more precise view. For this purpose, an attempt was first made to present a definition of repetition as a rhetorical art within the framework of this study; in a way that it is distinct from technics such as Jenas and Alliteration or Radif and rhymes. Repetition in this study means repeating a word with the same lexical meaning in the form of a verse, and rhetorical or artistic repetition is a type of lexical repetition that has an aesthetic and artistic aspect. In the author's opinion, what makes repetition artistic is that the poet repeats the word in a way that, apart from simple repetition, adds new artistic and literary value to his speech. Based on this definition, the types of rhetorical repetition in Anvari's ghazal were discussed; by specifying the artistic methods of his repetitions in ten categories, this issue was compared in the rhetoric of Anvari's and Saadi's ghazals. Among the results of this research, one is that it was determined that rhetorical repetition in Anvari's poetry, like Saadi's, has a high and decisive frequency. Another is that Anvari's interest in simple word repetition was slightly higher than Saadi's, but Saadi's use of rhetorical and artistic repetitions was slightly superior to Anvari's.
Keywords
Anvari
Saadi
Ghazal
Repetition
Rhetoric

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  • Receive Date 25 March 2026
  • Revise Date 20 May 2026
  • Accept Date 23 May 2026