Document Type : scientific-research
Author
Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
Abstract
One of the benefits of promoting Persian language and literature in the Indian subcontinent was that many books were written in Persian on various subjects by the intellectuals and elites of that land. Some of the masters and writers of the subcontinent have left behind valuable books and texts in Persian on rhetoric, understanding poetry, and literary criticism. Jame ol-Sanaye val-Awzan (770-778 AH) is one of these works. This book was written by Seyf Jam Heravi for Prince "Fath Khan", the son of "Firoz Shah" from the Tughlaq Shahi dynasty. Jame ol-Sanaye is a valuable book on rhetoric and the beauties and faults of Persian poetry. Although this book is influenced by some Persian and Arabic rhetorical works, such as Hadayegh ol-Sehr, Haghayegh ol-Hadayegh, Meftah al-Uloum, and Talkhis ol-Meftah, it contains significant innovations. These innovations will be mentioned in their place. In addition, the book contains valuable information and points about understanding poetry and literary criticism, and it is clear that its author considers poetry superior to prose and also considers the power of poetry to be innate. He distinguishes between a "poet" and a "composer"; he is in favor of the idea that poetry should have the meaning; But for him, the beauty and coherence of poetry are also important. He also has some noteworthy and testable opinions about the poets' following of the great poets of the past. He does not like the issue of “permissibility” in poetry. He also has indicators for criticizing poetry. Jame ol-Sanaye is the oldest rhetorical work in which an attempt has been made to define the “style” (Tarz) and stylistics of Persian poetry. In this regard, after stating some criteria, the styles of Persian poetry have been divided into nine styles, each of which has been attributed to a prominent poet. Finally, according to Seyf Heravi, the style of Amir Khusrow Dehlavi (651-725 AH), both in prose and in poetry, is superior to all styles. This opinion, along with his laudatory descriptions of Amir Khusrow, shows that this poet had a high position in the subcontinent.
Keywords
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