Journal of Literary Criticism and Rhetoric

Semiotics is the knowledge of studying all kinds of signs and the factors present in the process of producing meaning and their interpretation, and the rules that govern the signs. ... Read More

scientific-research

Syntactic balance, Nizami`s language, linguistic and rhetorical constructions, music, symmetrization

aghileh arasteh; ahmad goli; nasser alizadeh

Volume 13, Issue 4 , February 2025, Pages 23-46

https://doi.org/10.22059/jlcr.2024.383591.2024

Abstract

One of the most important stylistic features of Nizami`s language that creates harmony and correspondence in the structure of poetry through repetition patterns is syntactic balance. ... Read More

scientific-research

Feminine Writing in the Story 'Autumn is the Last Season of the Year' Based on Showalter's Approach

Mansoureh Shahriyari

Volume 13, Issue 4 , February 2025, Pages 47-71

https://doi.org/10.22059/jlcr.2025.386477.2037

Abstract

The novel, as one of the most significant and modern forms of media, plays a fundamental role in reflecting and portraying various societal issues. This characteristic enables the novel ... Read More

scientific-research

Recognizing the Points of Aesthetics, Stylistics and Literary Criticism in Jame ol-Sanaye val-Awzan

Mojahed Gholami

Volume 13, Issue 4 , February 2025, Pages 73-93

https://doi.org/10.22059/jlcr.2024.383931.2026

Abstract

One of the benefits of promoting Persian language and literature in the Indian subcontinent was that many books were written in Persian on various subjects by the intellectuals and ... Read More One of the benefits of promoting Persian language and literature in the Indian subcontinent was that many books were written in Persian on various subjects by the intellectuals and elites of that land. Some of the masters and writers of the subcontinent have left behind valuable books and texts in Persian on rhetoric, understanding poetry, and literary criticism. Jame ol-Sanaye val-Awzan (770-778 AH) is one of these works. This book was written by Seyf Jam Heravi for Prince "Fath Khan", the son of "Firoz Shah" from the Tughlaq Shahi dynasty. Jame ol-Sanaye is a valuable book on rhetoric and the beauties and faults of Persian poetry. Although this book is influenced by some Persian and Arabic rhetorical works, such as Hadayegh ol-Sehr, Haghayegh ol-Hadayegh, Meftah al-Uloum, and Talkhis ol-Meftah, it contains significant innovations. These innovations will be mentioned in their place. In addition, the book contains valuable information and points about understanding poetry and literary criticism, and it is clear that its author considers poetry superior to prose and also considers the power of poetry to be innate. He distinguishes between a "poet" and a "composer"; he is in favor of the idea that poetry should have the meaning; But for him, the beauty and coherence of poetry are also important. He also has some noteworthy and testable opinions about the poets' following of the great poets of the past. He does not like the issue of “permissibility” in poetry. He also has indicators for criticizing poetry. Jame ol-Sanaye is the oldest rhetorical work in which an attempt has been made to define the “style” (Tarz) and stylistics of Persian poetry. In this regard, after stating some criteria, the styles of Persian poetry have been divided into nine styles, each of which has been attributed to a prominent poet. Finally, according to Seyf Heravi, the style of Amir Khusrow Dehlavi (651-725 AH), both in prose and in poetry, is superior to all styles. This opinion, along with his laudatory descriptions of Amir Khusrow, shows that this poet had a high position in the subcontinent.

scientific-research

Reanalyzing the Style of Majaz (Metaphor & Metonymy) with the Semantic Approach and Representing it to the Briefness

Mohammad Taghi Kebritchi; MOHAMMADREZA SHAHROODI

Volume 13, Issue 4 , February 2025, Pages 95-124

https://doi.org/10.22059/jlcr.2024.383998.2027

Abstract

Majaz (including Metaphor and Metonymy) is one of the most important issues in the rhetoric sciences, and its structure and mechanism have been the subject of discussions since Aristotle's ... Read More Majaz (including Metaphor and Metonymy) is one of the most important issues in the rhetoric sciences, and its structure and mechanism have been the subject of discussions since Aristotle's era. Misunderstanding this rhetorical style has caused some scholars to think that Majaz is unrealistic or a lie and that the Qur'an lacks it. Therefore, a new and efficient explanation of Majaz and how it is implied will be needed to understand and interpret the Holy Quran, and the literature. This article tries to explain the semantic structure of Metaphor and Metonymy and their signification in the natural language; by using the ideas of past scientists and the teachings of applied semantics. It shows that both Metaphor and Metonymy occur based on linguistic ellipsis and non-linguistic reduction; however, Metaphor is created on similarity, but Metonymy on contiguity. Metaphor can be considered the brevity of similarity and Metonymy is the brevity of contiguity. Majaz signifies the secondary meaning in the structure of linguistic signification, and the addresses can obtain the expansive form of the brief speech and "interpret" and discover the meaning by relying on the non-linguistic context (i.e., the context of the situation and background knowledge). If one does not know a speech's application and non-linguistic context, the interpretation of Majaz and the discovery of its meaning will be difficult and sometimes impossible. Therefore, the occurrence, signification, and understanding of Metaphor and Metonymy depend on the application. Thus, Majaz can be explained like Haghighat and there is no such thing as a symbolic application (iste’mal-e Majazi). As a result, Majaz is a kind of abstract speech that can be considered the truth. Finally, Metaphor and Metonymy can be redefined as: ‏‏the brief word that signifies the secondary meaning in the new application. So, this approach can solve one of the important problems of rhetorical sciences about Metaphor and Metonymy.

scientific-research

Aesthetic Analysis of Selected Quatrains of Iraj Zebardast Based on Formalist Criticism

Kamal Rasoulian; mohammad amir obaydinia

Volume 13, Issue 4 , February 2025, Pages 125-148

https://doi.org/10.22059/jlcr.2024.384187.2028

Abstract

One of the approaches of literary criticism that, apart from looking at the effective elements in literary writing, criticizes the format and external body of the works; The school ... Read More

scientific-research

Analyzing the Grotesque Structure in Gogol's Fantasies (Case Study of the Cloak, the Nose)

Bahare Darzi; zohreh parsian; Rohollah Hadi

Volume 13, Issue 4 , February 2025, Pages 149-171

https://doi.org/10.22059/jlcr.2023.360206.1934

Abstract

Humor in Gogol's fantasies is not only social criticism, but the author tries to instill a kind of fear and sometimes anger and surprise in the reader with special measures. This article ... Read More

Journal of Literary Criticism and Rhetoric

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Volume 13 (2024)

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Volume & Issue: Volume 13, Issue 4 - Serial Number 36, February 2025

Semiotic Study of “Love” Based on Rifater’s Theory in Attar’s Mantiq al-Tayr and Fazel Nazari’s Ghazals

Abstract

Syntactic balance, Nizami`s language, linguistic and rhetorical constructions, music, symmetrization

Abstract

Feminine Writing in the Story 'Autumn is the Last Season of the Year' Based on Showalter's Approach

Abstract

Recognizing the Points of Aesthetics, Stylistics and Literary Criticism in Jame ol-Sanaye val-Awzan

Abstract

Reanalyzing the Style of Majaz (Metaphor & Metonymy) with the Semantic Approach and Representing it to the Briefness

Abstract

Aesthetic Analysis of Selected Quatrains of Iraj Zebardast Based on Formalist Criticism

Abstract

Analyzing the Grotesque Structure in Gogol's Fantasies (Case Study of the Cloak, the Nose)

Abstract