The Literary Metaphor and the Conceptual Metaphor

Document Type : scientific-research

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Ph.D. Candidate of Persian Language and Literature Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

< p >< p >It has been about four decades since George Lakoff and Mark Johnson brought up the notion of conceptual metaphor in their book Metaphors We Live By (1980). Since then, this theory has found numerous followers and accordingly it has been applied to Persian linguistic and literary researches as well. This essay contends that these two thinkers were not in fact the originator of conceptual metaphor and that, as Richards says, the theorization of this type of metaphor goes back to the olden times. The article attempts to compare literary and conceptual metaphor through the thoughts of Islamic and western masters of eloquence and the definitions of literary and conceptual metaphor that they have given in order to highlight the point that the definition of these two kinds of metaphor should be distinctly recognized and the consideration of one should not result in the overlooking of the other. Considering these two types as the same, undermines their value and independence and may even force the mind to choose one and ignore the other — there are cases in which this has happened or at least some writers have intended to do so. On the one hand George Lakoff’s insistence on rejecting traditional definitions of metaphors in his essay titled “The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor” (1993) and on the other hand the enthusiastic acclamation of conceptual metaphor in recent years are some of the reasons for doing this study. In this article, however, neither of these two notions are denied and efforts are made to consolidate the status of both of them. So the outcomes of conceptual metaphor in both language and literature are illustrated and it is argued that this new type of metaphor does not cause limitation to literary metaphor, but can be an appropriate element in linguistic and literary studies.

Keywords

References

Al-Hāshemi, A. (2012). Jawāher al-Balāgha fi al-maʹāni va al-Bayān va al-Badiʹ, Ghom, Esmāeeliān.
Al-Taftazani, Sa''''ad al-Din Masud .(2013). Al-Mutawwal (Sharh''''u Talkhis al-Miftah il Ulum). By Abd al-Hamid Hendawy, Beirut, Dār al kotob al ilmiyah, [In Persian].
Barcelona, A. (2000). Metaphor and metonymy at the crossroads: a cognitive perspective, Persian Translation, Translated by Farzan sojoudi and els. Tehran, Naghsh Jahan, [In Persian].
Copleston, F.(1996). A History of Philosophy, Persian Translation. Translated by Seyed Jalal al-Din Mjtabavi, Tehran, Elmi va Farhangi, [In Persian].
Eco, U. and els .(2011). Metaphor: Base of Thought and Beauty creation, Persian Translation, Translated by Farhad Sasani and els, Tehran, Soureye Mehr, [In Persian].
Fowler, R. & els .(2002). Linguistics and cirthical theory, Persian Translation, Translated by Maryam Khouzan & Hosein Payande, Tehran, Ney, [In Persian].
Hāshemi, Z. (2010). "Conceptual Metaphor Theory in Lakoff and Johnsonʼs viewpoint", Journal Literature studies, 12. pp 119-140, [In Persian].
Hawkes, T. (2001). Metaphor. Persian Translation, Translated by Farzāneh Tāheri, Tehran, Markaz, [In Persian].
Homāei, Jalāl al-Din (1989). Eloquence Skills and Literary Arts, Tehran, Homā, [In Persian].
Ibn Athir, Diyā'''' ad-Dīn. (BITA) al-Mathal al-sāʾir, ed, By Ahmad al-howfy & Badwi Tabāna, Cairo, Nahdet Misr Publishing Group.
Khatib al-Qazwini, Jalal ad-Din Muhammad (2003). al-Īḍāḥ fī ʻulūm al-balāghah. By Ibrahim Shams al-Din, Beirut, Dār al kotob al ilmiyah.
Lakoof, G. & Johnson, M. (2018). Methaphors We Live By, Persian Translation, Translated by Jahānshāh Mirzābeigi, Tehran, Agah.
Mokhtari, M. and els. (2018). "The Criticism, Analysis, and Comparison of Metaphors whith Lakoff and Johnsonʼs Conceptual Metaphors", Journal Language Art. 3(1). pp 7-26. Shiraz, Iran, [In Persian].
Richards, I. A. (2003). The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Persian Translation. Translated by Alimohammad Asiabadi. Tehran, Ghatre.
Ricoeur, P.(2015). Metaphor and the Paradigme of Translation. Persian Translation. Translated by Mehrdad Parsa. Tehran, Shavand.
Sajoudi, F .(1998). " Prague school of poetry". Journal Literary Tex Research. Issue 105. pp 97-106, [In Persian].
Shamisa, S .(2006). Figurative Language. Revised Edition. Tehran, Mitra [In Persian].
Skaki, Abū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf (1986), Miftah al-''''Ulum. By Naeem Zarzour. Beirut, Dār al kotob al ilmiyah.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 03 September 2019
  • Revise Date: 29 September 2019
  • Accept Date: 26 October 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics