Palace's Techniques in Hafez's Poems, the Criterion for Persian Language and Structure

Document Type : scientific-research

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of language & Literature, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Branch, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of language & Literature, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Iran

Abstract

There is no doubt that great Persian poets such as Ferdowsi, Saadi, Hafez and Nezami are the architect, criterion, acid test and preserver of language, language identity and Persian eloquence. One of the cornerstones of Persian language and eloquence is Hafez Shirazi. Hafez’s poems have been studied and analyzed from different approaches. In the present study attempt has been made to examine the imposed restriction in Hafez’s speech and understand what methods exist in Persian language for creating restriction in speech to be worthy of attention as far as art's esthetics approach, eloquence and applied semantics are concerned. To do so, while extracting and categorizing restrictive cases and providing generalizable rulesare dealt, various issues have been conducted Hafez’s art and as enjoying the above linguistic techniques. Mentioning palaces in Persian language have been made more with yardstick of palace's eloquence in Arabic language without attention to Persian language specific structure whereas they have different structures in speech's highlighting. Furthermore, other cases also exist that have not been paid attention to. In the present study which has been carried out using descriptive analysis and quantitative and qualitative design aiming at attaining yardsticks and criteria for analyzing Persian literary texts in semantics approach. Therefore attempts have been made while examining the way comparing the principles in semantics with Persian language structure through data analysis, offering a model for artistic speech assessment is developed. To do so, following studying and examining Hafez’s sonnets and analyzing eloquence-syntax structure, some selections of his poems have been organized. Hafez uses restriction words constantly even though it may be regarded more ordinary and less importance in view point of literary criticism but in literature which is the arena for meta norms and escaping the norms, a master and rhetorician as Hafez even has enjoyed the above technique in a way that has not impaired speech. Therefore, the analysis of Hafez's poems from the point of view of semantics, especially bound and restriction, can be the grammatical and linguistic basis in Persian rhetoric.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Literary Criticism and Rhetoric
Volume 9, Issue 3 - Serial Number 19
October 2020
Pages 113-131

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History

  • Receive Date: 19 June 2018
  • Revise Date: 17 August 2018
  • Accept Date: 08 September 2018

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