Document Type : scientific-research
Author
Associate Professor of the Department of Persian Language and Literature, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Simile forms the deep structure of many innovative crafts, and in the rhetorical books of the early and late generations, various types and types of it are mentioned, each of which plays an artistic role in different ways in depicting and reflecting poetic imaginations; The efforts and careful analysis of rhetoric scholars in categorizing and classifying all kinds of similes are praiseworthy, however, sometimes in studying the literature of poets and digging into the imaginations of Persian speakers, we come across similes that are found in books. Rhetoric has not been investigated in a separate and scientific way; One of these similes is a simile with a completely independent syntactic structure and purposes, which is opposite to preferential similes. The present essay seeks to analyze these types of similes in the works of speakers of different periods in a descriptive-analytical way. The obtained results show that this type of simile has been used since ancient times and its oldest use was found in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. These types of similes have different types, in some cases, the speaker portrays the simile - the opposite of the preferential simile - as inferior and less than the simile, and sometimes the speaker of the praise industry is similar to blame. takes advantage and uses the simile in a way that looks suspicious of it, while the purpose of the simile was to praise the simile, and finally, sometimes the purpose of the simile is not in the sides of the simile, but in the element of the simile. The third one, which is outside the pillars of simile, searched that the poet uses this type of simile structures to bow down or express its condemnation.
Keywords
Amir Khosro Dehlavi, Hakim Yamin al-Din Ibn Saif al-Din Mahmood (1982).
Diwan -e Amir Khosro Dehlavi. By the effort of M. dervish second edition.
Tehran: Javidan.
Asadi Tousi, Hakim Abu Nasr Ali Ibn Ahmad (1975). Garshaspnameh. Edited by:
Habib Yaghmai. second edition. Tehran: Tahouri.
Attar, Sheikh Fariduddin Mohammad (1989). Diwan-e- Attar. Edited corrected by:
Taqi Tafzzoli. Fifth Edition. Tehran: Elmi & Farhangi.
------------------------------------------------ (1984). Asrarnameh, Pandnameh and
Gazaliyyat-e- Erfani-ye-Sheikh Attar Nishabouri. By Mohammad Abbasi.
Tehran: Fakhr Razi.
------------------------------------------------- (1960). Khosrownameh. Edited by: Ahmad
Soheili Khansari. Tehran: Anjoman-e- Asar-e- Melli.
Bahar, Mohammad Taghi (2007). Diwan-e Malek al-Shora-ye Bahar. Tehran:
Negah.
Bidel, Abdul Qadir Ibn Abdul Khaliq (2021).Gazaliyyat-e- Bidle. Proofreading and
research by Seyyed Mehdi Tabatabai and Alireza Qazweh. Tehran: Shahrestan-e
Adab.
Dabirsayaghi, Mohammad (1995). Scouts of Persian poetry. fourth edition. Tehran:
Elmi & Farhangi. (In Persian)
Dad, Sima (2007). Dictionary of literary terms. fourth edition. Tehran: Morvarid. (In
Persian)
Etisami, Parvin (1996). Diwan-e Parvin Etsami. second edition. Correction by Ali
Koucheki. Tehran: Naghma.
Ferdowsi, Abulqasem. (1997) Shahnameh-eye Ferdowsi. (Vol 9). Correcting the text
with the attention of A. Bertels. Under the supervision of A. drink By the effort
and under the supervision of Saeed Hamidian. fourth edition. Tehran: Gatreh.
Hafez, Shams-o-ddin Mohammad (1995). Divan-e-Hafez. Edited by Qazvini and
Ghasem Ghani. Edited by: Abdul Karim Jorbozedar. Fifth Edition. Tehran: Asatir.
Karimi Qarababa, Saeed (2008). "A kind of novel simile in Persian literature;
Analogy of rejection and acceptance". Linguistic and rhetorical studies. Vol. 9,
No. 17. Spring and Summer. pp. 204-189. (In Persian)
Khaghani, Afzal-o-ddin Badil Ibn Ali (1995). Diwan-e Khaghani Shervani.
Confrontation and correction and comments: Ziya-o-ddin Sajjadi. Fifth Edition.
Tehran: Zavvar.
Majd, Omid & Mahdavifar, Saeed. (2011). "A new look at the simile of comparative
". Persian literature. Vol.1. No. 5-3. pp. 275-259. (In Persian)
Moezzi, Mohammad Ibn Abdul Malek Nishabouri. (1983). Koliyat-e- Diwan-eMoezzi. With the introduction and correction of Nasser Hiri. Tehran: Marzban.
Nazaari Qohastani, Saeed al-Din Ibn Shams al-Din (1992). Diwan-e- Hakim Naazari
Qohastani. Correcting and suspending the manifestations of Mosaffa. Tehran: Elmi.
Onsori, Abulqasem Hasan Ibin Ahmad (1984). Divan-e- Onsori-ye- Balkhi. Edited and
introduced by Seyyed Mohammad Dabirsiaghi. second edition. Tehran: Sanai.
Qaani, Mirza Habib (1984). Diwan-e- Hakim Qaani Shirazi. With the introduction
and correction of Nasser Hiri. Tehran: Golshai.
Radviyani, Mohammad ibin Omar (1949). Tarjoman-ol- Balagheh. Edited and
correction, by Ahmed Atash. Istanbul: Al-Mahd al-Sharqi publications.
Sadi, Mosleh-o-ddin (1993). Koliat-e- Sadi. Edited by: Mohammad Ali Foroughi.
Ninth edition. Tehran: Amir Kabir.
Saeb-e- Tabrizi, Mohammad Ali (1986). Diwan-e- Saeb Tabrizi (vol. 2). By the
efforts of Mohammad Gahraman. Tehran: Elmi & Farhangi.
--------------------------------------- (1991). Diwan-e- Saeb Tabrizi (Vol. 6). By the
efforts of Mohammad Gahraman. Tehran: Elmi & Farhangi.
Safavi, Korosh (1994). From Linguistics to Literature (the first volume of Nazm).
Tehran: Cheshmeh. (In Persian)
Salman Savaji, Khajeh Jamal-o-ddin (1992). Diwan-e- Salman Savaji. Introduction
and correction of Abolghasem Halat. by the efforts of Ahmad Karmi. Tehran: Ma.
Sanayi, Abu al-Majd Majdood ibin Adam (1957). Diwan-e- Hakim Sanayi. Through
the efforts of Mazaher Mosffa. Tehran: Amir Kabir.
Seyf-e- Ferghani, Molana Seyf al-Din Abul-Mahamed Mohammad (1985). Diwane- Seyf-e- Farghani. With correction and introduction by Zabihollah Safa. second
edition. Tehran: Ferdowsi.
Shafi'i Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (1996). Imaginary images in Persian poetry.
Sixth edition. Tehran: Aghah. (In Persian)
------------------------------------------- (2002). Poetry music. The seventh edition.
Tehran: Aghah. (In Persian)
Shamisa, Sirous (2013). Figures of Speech A New Outline. First edition of the third
edition. Tehran: Mitra. [In Persian].
------------------- (2006). Figurative Language. First edition of the third edition.
Tehran: Mitra. (In Persian)
Talebian, Yahya & Mohammadi, Hoshang (2004). "Artistic similes in Saadi's
sonnets ". Journal of Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Bahonar
38 پژوهشنامۀ نقد ادبی و بالغت، سال ،33 شمارۀ ،3 بهار ،3443 پیاپی 33
University, Kerman. New period, number 17 (consecutive). Spring. pp. 27-52.
(In Persian)
Tarikh -e Sistan (1935). Correction by Malek Al-Shoara-ye Bahar. To the attention
of Mohammad Ramezani. Tehran: Kolaleh-ye Khavar.
Vahshi Bafghi, Maulana Kamaluddin (1976). Diwan-e- Vahshi-ye-Bafaghi. Edited
by Hossein Nakhai. Fifth Edition. Tehran: Amir Kabir.
Valipour, Abdollah and Hemmati, Roqayyeh. (2023). ""Specific simile pronouns"
the most uncommon personal stylistic feature of Bidel Dehlavi ". Grammatical
and rhetorical research. Vol. 13, No. 23. November. pp. 1-20. (In Persian)
)