Journal of Literary Criticism and Rhetoric

Journal of Literary Criticism and Rhetoric

Fereydoun Rahnama and the Influence of the Surrealist Movement on Contemporary Persian Poetry known as “She’r-E No” (Translates in English as “New Poetry”)

Document Type : scientific-research

Authors
Maryam Maryam 1
Mohammad Ziar 2
1 Ph.D. Candidate of French language and literature, Department of French, Faculty of Foreign Languages, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Center Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of the Department of French Language and Literature, Central Tehran Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
10.22059/jlcr.2024.375677.1989
Abstract
Surrealism is one of the literary movements that emerged at the beginning of the 20th century in Europe and France, influencing other nations' literature, including Persian literature, with significant impact. In Iran, the poetic movements known as "Moj-E No" (translated into English as “New Wave”) and "Hajm-Gara" have been more influenced by this school than other contemporary poetic movements. The aim of the present study is to investigate the historical and social impact of the Surrealist school and the influence of French poet Paul Éluard's poems on Iranian poet Fereydoun Rahnama.  The French postmodernist movement was identified by Iranians in the twentieth century through several influential figures. One of these figures is Forough Farrokhzad. This Iranian poet who wrote poetry in both French and Persian, and whose French poems were admired by Paul Eluard, participated in various gatherings and acquainted young poets with what was happening in Europe. Among these youths who were part of her circle of friends were Ahmad Reza Ahmadi and Yaddollah Royaee. We know that the first established the foundation of the New Wave of Persian poetry, while the second initiated the movement of voluminous poetry. As a result of these literary gatherings, poets even repeated the life experiences of the first generation surrealists. Among these practices were automatic writing and group writing, which were invented by the Dadaists and Surrealists of the first generation. Using the method of content analysis and a comparative approach, this article first provides a brief overview of the Surrealist movement and its literary principles. It then demonstrates that Fereydoun Rahnama's interest in classical Iranian literature, such as Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Beyhaqi's works, leads him to blend the Surrealist school with the style of these texts. This fusion paves the way for a new form of poetry called "new wave" and contributes to the volume of contemporary Iranian literature, including poets like Ahmad Shamlou, Forough Farrokhzad, Ahmad Reza Ahmadi, Nader Naderpour, Yadullah Rouya.
 
Keywords
Surrealism
Paul Éluard
Fereydoun Rahnama
Ahmad shamloo
Persian “She’r-E No” (Translates in English as “New Poetry)
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  • Receive Date 30 April 2024
  • Revise Date 17 October 2024
  • Accept Date 07 May 2024