Journal of Literary Criticism and Rhetoric

scientific-research

Social Semiotics of the Gypsy Novel by the Fire Based on Pierre Giro's Theory

Sharam Ahmadi; Mahsa Naji

Volume 10, Issue 3 , July 2021, Pages 1-26

https://doi.org/10.22059/jlcr.2021.316017.1606

Abstract

One of the research approaches that examines and analyzes the signs and understanding the hidden meanings in them is the semiotic approach. From this perspective, in order to analyze ... Read More One of the research approaches that examines and analyzes the signs and understanding the hidden meanings in them is the semiotic approach. From this perspective, in order to analyze social phenomena that do not find meaning in themselves, one must pay attention to the cultural structure and network of meanings in which they are located. One of the theorists who proposed a coherent plan for social semiotics was Pierre Girouard. He considers social signs in the two main areas of identity and social etiquette to be examined and analyzed. This research, which is written in a descriptive-analytical method and referring to library sources, tries to rely on Giro's consistent theory and with the approach of social semiotics, the type and manner of appearance of social signs. Analyze and study the space in the novel Gypsy by the Fire, which is a social novel written by Moniro Ravanipour. The results of this article show that Ravanipour in the novel Gypsy by the Fire is an author who uses many symptoms, concerns about social issues and especially concerns about the problems and sufferings of women. Who are trapped in backward and superstitious beliefs. The author's significant use of symbols such as occupational group uniforms, tribal rituals, superstitious and reactionary beliefs, and justice-seeking movements, which are the most important signs to express "The author's objections to social issues have been used, along with various methods of ethnography and non-verbal communication (such as tone, clothing, etc.) to reflect the bitter realities of society and to express specific goals in the form of life descriptions." The mirror is noteworthy. Under the component of "uniform" and in the semantic component of "occupational groups", the author has been able to point out the occupational inequality of women and men among the gypsy tribes. Or in the discussion of the semiotic component of "tribal customs" in the gypsy tribes, education has no place and according to the law of caravans, houses and homes are forbidden for the nomads, there is no meaningful settlement and the gypsy girls in Marriage has no choice

scientific-research

Reflection of Mass Media in Contemporary Fiction of Iran

Farzaneh Fakhrian Langroudi; Azam Ravadrad

Volume 10, Issue 3 , July 2021, Pages 27-52

https://doi.org/10.22059/jlcr.2021.303684.1482

Abstract

This article is to study how mass media role and function in interpreting or changing surrounding world is reflected in Iranian contemporary fiction. The purpose is determining that ... Read More This article is to study how mass media role and function in interpreting or changing surrounding world is reflected in Iranian contemporary fiction. The purpose is determining that mass media which leads every other phenomenon to being reflected, how is dragged to the scene of reflection itself. This is also proposed to give a picture of explanation and acknowledgement of media epidemic presence in real society in order to analyze the relation between power and prevalence of mass media in Persian novel and its social role and function in real world. Therefore 12 Persian realistic novels whose authors live in Iran and also are published in I. R. IRAN are chosen by targeted sampling method for qualitative research. All phrases about traditional mass media as radio, TV, newspaper and magazine are derived from these texts and are analyzed on basis of theories of media power, reflection, literary Criticism and sociology of literature, in accordance with cultural studies requirements for understanding media.Findings revealed that mass media is reflected as “power and trigger tool”, “awareness tool”, “negligence tool”, “routine thing”, “informative tool”, “Hobby tool”, “Contradictive phenomenon/tool”, “secondhand thing”, “Criticism tool” and “presenter phenomenon” in the world of Persian novel. Obvious difference between written media and visual and audio media in social role finding (oral culture), TV and radio roleplaying as the most main gate of being informed, in contrary with picked role of newspapers in everyday life and weaker than them, not-daily print magazines (inactive choice), lack of specified and strong place for news media among public (media weakness), printed media consume as a factor of the elite lifestyle (neglecting public audience), and lack of understood identity of activities and characteristics of media people (threat in meaning of media job), are categories that finding of this research are explained within.

scientific-research

The Multi-Semantic Nature of Visual Symbols in Iranian Paintings (A Case Study of Four Paintings by Shahnameh Tahmasebi, in the Aga

Shahryar Shokrpour; Fariba Azhari

Volume 10, Issue 3 , July 2021, Pages 53-80

https://doi.org/10.22059/jlcr.2021.322319.1651

Abstract

Each image consists of a set of signs that indicate the content of the work. Sometimes this content and meaning in the work may be incomprehensible and contrary to the audience's perception. ... Read More Each image consists of a set of signs that indicate the content of the work. Sometimes this content and meaning in the work may be incomprehensible and contrary to the audience's perception. Therefore, considering the importance of signs in the production of various meanings, the issue of how artists use signs to express their intentions is always important and has a special place in the analysis of works. In addition, some artists deliberately inclusion of signs in the form of binary oppositions in the pictures, great tension between meaning and representation of fact makes noticing and analyze them, a necessary issue. Due to the importance of the frame of work in order to retell the narrations, the priority of selection is purposeful and there are several frames in the picture. In addition, it also features two single frames and breaking in frame were selected so that the four paintings from Shahnameh tahmasebi in the Aga Khan Museum get analyzed with semiotic approach. The research was carried out through descriptive-analytical based on gathering data and using library resources. In this regard, the use of Derrida's strategy of binary opposition in reading and analyzing images is possible and makes the research significant. Achieving the nature and function of signs in the works in question and paying attention to the polysemous function of visual signs in drawings is the main goal of the research and the relationship between the meanings of signs and Derrida s binary oppositions in the introduced drawings is a question that will be answered in the present study. According to the related studies, in cases where artists have used the binary oppositions of contradiction and inversion in their work; it has led to the creation of numerous meanings in painting. The nature of the signs, whether due to the community of meanings of several signs or due to the sharing or reflection meanings of the signs in another; the essence of the meanings of the signs will be variable

scientific-research

Conceptual Metaphors in the Field of Love in Khosrow and Shirin by Nizami

samira samimifar; Gholamreza Salemian; Mohammadebrahim Malmir

Volume 10, Issue 3 , July 2021, Pages 81-103

https://doi.org/10.22059/jlcr.2021.302081.1466

Abstract

Conceptual metaphor is a new, different interpretation of metaphor that first proposed by Lakoff and Johnson. In this approach, metaphor is not only examined in terms of appearance; ... Read More Conceptual metaphor is a new, different interpretation of metaphor that first proposed by Lakoff and Johnson. In this approach, metaphor is not only examined in terms of appearance; but also, it pays attention to the concepts that are hidden behind the words. Any metaphorical concept, by focusing on one aspect of the concept, can prevent the mind from focusing on other aspects of that concept. One of the abstract concepts in Khosrow and Shirin Masnavi is love. Whereas Nizãmi is an irreplaceable master of metaphor and he often expresses his desired concepts in the form of metaphorical system, love and other related concepts such as lover, beloved, achievement, grief, etc. in his poetry. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method based on library studies, based on Lakoff and Johnson's theory of cognitive metaphor and a look at the new classification of Afrãshi and Hisãmi (mental to mental), conceptual metaphors of love in Khosrow va Shyryn by Nizãmi, arereviewed and analyzed. Because love and related concepts are abstract, they are expressed in the form of similes and metaphors to make them more tangible. By examining the concepts of the field of love based on the theory of conceptual metaphor, eighteen texts were categorized and analyzed with the field of the destination of love in the form of 738 items. These writings are classified into two groups: metaphors that have a positive approaches to love and metaphors that have a negative approaches to love. This story is about a romantic event; for this reason, most of the writings formed in it have a negative approach, and whereas this love leads to achievement and it brings happiness, the approach becomes positive. Based on the obtained results, most of the texts are subjective to objective, and in some cases they are more tangible mental, they have been used to express love, and the text about "love is sorrow" are 123 cases and the texts about "love is deception" are 16 cases, and they have the highest and lowest frequencies in Khosrow va Shyryn, respectively

scientific-research

Music, A Measure in Recognizing the Rise and Fall of Persian Rubai

Yahya Kardgar

Volume 10, Issue 3 , July 2021, Pages 105-126

https://doi.org/10.22059/jlcr.2021.309077.1534

Abstract

Except the quatrain theme, what makes it more salient than any other feature is its verbal simplicity, expressive unpretentiousness, brevity and melodious music. The contribution of ... Read More Except the quatrain theme, what makes it more salient than any other feature is its verbal simplicity, expressive unpretentiousness, brevity and melodious music. The contribution of music in acceptability the quatrain format has received less attention the instant that The Robai form is more related to music than other forms of poetry and meter is one of the distinguishing components of this format. an comparative study of the music of the first Persian Robaies with its climax can explain the role of music in the course of Persian Robaies and the climax of that. In this article, in descriptive-analytical methods and based on statistical data, the musical characteristics of Rudaki's Robaies have been compared with Khayyam's Robaies. Therefore, Roudaki's quatrains are based on 34 quatrains of Nafisi and Braginsky prints and with comparison to Daneshpazhuh and Jahangir Mansour editions are used. Khayyam's quatrains have been selected due to the wide differences between different editions and the unanimity of Khayyam researchers on the originality of the quatrains in the books of Mersad al-Ebad, the history of Jahangosha Jovini, Nozhat al-Majalis, Tarikh Wassaf and history Gozide and according to the 34 quatrains in this Books are the basis of this research.The research shows that Roudaki, by making more use of his poetic licences and not paying attention to subtleties such as the consonant and vowel letters of the hemistiches, paying little attention to the side and inner music and neglecting the intimate music Persian words have not been able to use the musical attractions of the Robai to attract the audience, while Khayyam carefully uses the poetic licences quantitatively and qualitatively, more adherence to the musical characteristics of the main meter of the Robai, enjoyment Moderation of the capacities of side and inner music along with creating an intimate song using original Persian words has benefited from the prominence of Robai music in attracting the audience and the perfection of this format

scientific-research

The Image of Existence in The Collection of Stories of Gholam Hossein Saedi Based on the Views of Kir Kogor Viaspers

omid majd; niloo far ansari

Volume 10, Issue 3 , July 2021, Pages 127-166

https://doi.org/10.22059/jlcr.2021.317860.1618

Abstract

Ambiguity is the most important array in spiritual novelty, which is also called imagination in the rhetorical book. An important feature of ambiguity is that it creates the ability ... Read More Ambiguity is the most important array in spiritual novelty, which is also called imagination in the rhetorical book. An important feature of ambiguity is that it creates the ability to interpret two or more different meanings of the word in the mind of the reader ,so it is of great aesthetic value. Therefore,some scholars have considered ambiguity as a series of similes and metaphors from the set of imaginary images. This polysemous feature of the word, expands the field of association of the meanings of the word as well as the prominence of literary speech.Rhetoricians have considered different types for ambiguity. In this descriptive-analytical study, the types of ambiguity in Nasser Bukharaee's sonnets have been studied and analyzed. Nasser has experimented in various formats, including ode, composition, verse, mesmat,Masnavi, piece,quatrain and couplet,but what has received the most attention is his sonnet poems. Based on the findings of this research,it can be said that he has used different types of ambiguity,including ambiguity of appropriat, irony, variety of reading, contradiction, translation, origin, emphasis, and paradox. It should be said that Nasser Bukhara, in 4586 verses, used 838 cases of ambiguity,which shows the great approach of the poet in using this imaginary array. Even in some cases,one can find sonnet poems in which one of the types of ambiguity can be seen in all its verses. Among these, the ambiguity of proportion with 414 cases has been used more than other types of ambiguity. It has also created the most ambiguity between the names of musical instruments and terms. After the ambiguity of proportion, ambiguity and ironic ambiguity have more applications. By creating ambiguity between the terms of different sciences and tactics, he has greatly added to the imaginative and mature images of his poetry. This research seeks to answer the question of which type of ambiguity the poet used the most in order of frequency, As well as what words and combinations he had in mind in presenting different types of ambiguity

scientific-research

Creating Ambiguity From Nasser Bokharaei

mohammadamir mashhadi; hossein ettehadi

Volume 10, Issue 3 , July 2021, Pages 167-187

https://doi.org/10.22059/jlcr.2021.310074.1541

Abstract

One of the research approaches that examines and analyzes the signs and understands their hidden meanings is the semiotic approach. From this perspective, in order to analyze social ... Read More One of the research approaches that examines and analyzes the signs and understands their hidden meanings is the semiotic approach. From this perspective, in order to analyze social phenomena that do not find meaning in themselves, one must pay attention to the cultural structure and network of meanings in which they are located. One of the theorists who proposed a coherent plan for social semiotics was Pierre Girouard. He considers social signs in the two main areas of identity and social etiquette to be examined and analyzed. This research, which is written in a descriptive-analytical method and refers to library sources, tries to rely on Giro’s consistent theory and with the approach of social semiotics, analyzes the type and manner of appearance of social signs the novel Gypsy by the Fire, which is a social novel written by Moniro Ravanipour. The results of this article show that Ravanipour, in the novel Gypsy by the Fire, uses many symptoms, concerns about social issues, and especially concerns about the problems and sufferings of women who are trapped in superstitious beliefs. The author’s significant use of symbols such as occupational group uniforms, tribal rituals, superstitious and reactionary beliefs, and justice-seeking movements, which are the most important signs to express “The author’s objections to social issues have been used, along with various methods of ethnography and non-verbal communication (such as tone, clothing, etc.) to reflect the bitter realities of society and to express specific goals in the form of life descriptions.” The mirror is noteworthy. Under the component of “uniform” and in the semantic component of “occupational groups”, the author has been able to point out the occupational inequality of women and men among the gypsy tribes. Or in the discussion of the semiotic component of “tribal customs” in the gypsy tribes, education has no place and according to the law of caravans, houses and homes are forbidden for the nomads, there is no meaningful settlement and the gypsy girls in Marriage has no choice

scientific-research

Prediction in Heroic Poms after Shahnameh

Morteza Maghsudinejad; majid hajizade; Maryam Gholamrezabeigi

Volume 10, Issue 3 , July 2021, Pages 189-214

https://doi.org/10.22059/jlcr.2021.314692.1598

Abstract

Prediction is one of the most important and influential elements in the process of formation of epic and national stories, which is widely reflected in the national epic poems of Iran, ... Read More Prediction is one of the most important and influential elements in the process of formation of epic and national stories, which is widely reflected in the national epic poems of Iran, including the Shahnameh and subsequent poetic epics. In the present article, the element of prophecy in heroic systems after Shahnameh has been researched by the method of libraries based on content description and analysis and presentation of statistics. Based on the research, about one hundred and fifty-five predictions in these systems have been researched. Has been used. The element of prophecy in famous epic poems; Such as Bahmannameh, Shahriarnameh, Samnameh, Kooshenameh, Faramarznameh, Garshasbnameh and Jahangirnameh, respectively, are more prominent and in the systems, Banogshsabnameh, Barzoonameh, Shebrangnameh, Kok Kuhzad and Bijannameh, they are very few and finger In short epic poems; Prophecies are not used, such as, Babarbian, Tahminehnameh, Dastan Patiareh, Razmnameh Shakavand Kooh and Susannameh. The predictions were made by people who in their time had a privileged social status and superior position, and most predictions were made by astronomers, respectively, based on astronomical rulings, kings and princes, heroes and priests, Brahmins. Ordinary people play a significant role. They do not have predictions. Some predictions with tools such as astrolabe, astrological cup, cosmic cup, mirror of wisdom, and some are written on various tablets that were predicted by the predecessors for the future and have almost common features. Many predictions are based on dreams or divination, supernatural and auxiliary factors, like Soroush and Simorgh, and the vast majority of predictions have been fulfilled. Usually, prediction has a social function; advancing for reform in the political and social system, foresight, awareness of omissions, and ominous warnings, like death, destruction and defeat. It is one of the most important goals and functions of prophecy in the mentioned heroic systems.

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Volume & Issue: Volume 10, Issue 3 - Serial Number 23, July 2021, Pages 1-180

Social Semiotics of the Gypsy Novel by the Fire Based on Pierre Giro's Theory

Abstract

Reflection of Mass Media in Contemporary Fiction of Iran

Abstract

The Multi-Semantic Nature of Visual Symbols in Iranian Paintings (A Case Study of Four Paintings by Shahnameh Tahmasebi, in the Aga

Abstract

Conceptual Metaphors in the Field of Love in Khosrow and Shirin by Nizami

Abstract

Music, A Measure in Recognizing the Rise and Fall of Persian Rubai

Abstract

The Image of Existence in The Collection of Stories of Gholam Hossein Saedi Based on the Views of Kir Kogor Viaspers

Abstract

Creating Ambiguity From Nasser Bokharaei

Abstract

Prediction in Heroic Poms after Shahnameh

Abstract