نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• کامران قنبری ¹
• قهرمان شیری ²

¹ دانشجوی دکتری گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

² زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه بوعلی، همدان، ایران

چکیده

کتاب کلیله و دمنه سیاست­نامه­ای در پوشش حکایت­های تمثیلی و اخلاقی است. نویسنده با استفاده از این پوشش و ترفند، مخاطب را از ادراکِ روشنِ موضوع اصلی کتاب؛ یعنی سیاست، باز­می­دارد. داستان «شیر و گاو» از برجسته‌ترین داستان­های این کتاب و صحنۀ جنگ قدرت میان شیر (حاکم) و شغالی به اسم دمنه است. روایت رسمی این داستان با تکیه بر اصالت نظر نویسندگان و جانب­داری ضمنی از حاکم سعی دارد که دمنه را در جریان مرگ شنزبه گناه­کار جلوه­ دهد و دلیل محاکمه و مرگ او را صرفاً توطئه برای قتل شنزبه بداند. با بهره­گیری از اصول مکتب «کنستانس» می­توان به نشانه­‌هایی در داستان دست یافت که دلیل اصلی طراحی این ماجرا، مخالفت‌های دمنه با حاکمیّت بوده است. مکتب مذکور که ارتباط عمیقی با مطالعات ادبی دارد، به‌وسیلۀ «آیزر و یائوس» بنیان‌گذاری شده است. این دو استاد با بی­­اساس دانستن معنی ثابت و ذاتی متون ادبی، معتقد بودند که می‌توان با خوانش، معنا را کشف کرد و خواننده را به نقش­آفرینی در تولید معنا کشاند. این پژوهش با روش توصیفی - تحلیلی و استفاده از منابع کتاب­خانه­ای سعی دارد با مبنا قرار دادنِ اصالت درک خواننده، به تحلیل داستان شیر ­و ­گاو و بازجست کار دمنه بپردازد و برداشت جدیدی از داستان ارائه کند که در صورت توفیق، می­تواند الگویی برای  تفسیر متون مشابه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• کلیله و دمنه
• هرمنوتیک
• نظریۀ دریافت
• متن و خواننده

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the Story “The Lion and the Cow” and “Investigating the Work of Demna” Based on Receiving Theory

نویسندگان [English]

• Kamran Ghanbari ¹
• Ghahreman Shiri ²

¹ PhD Student Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.

² Professor in Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

“Kalila and Demna” was originally written in Sanskrit. This book, after being translated into Pahlavi by “Borzoye Tabib” during the Sassanid period, faced a great fate and was translated into most languages of the world. Kalila and Demna is actually a policy under the cover of allegorical and moral stories. Apparently, its author intended to use this cover and allegory; Especially “Fable” prevents the audience from a clear understanding of the main subject of the book, i.e. political teachings. The subject of this study is to examine one of the main stories of this book; That is, “the lion and cow” is using the theory of “Aesthetics of Perception”. The story in question is one of the most prominent secret stories of this book and the scene of the power struggle between the lion (ruler) and a jackal named Demna (revolutionary person). The official narration of this story, which is related to the territory of a young lion and his followers and the accidental presence of a cow (Shanzabeh) among them and the events that followed, has tried to rely on the originality of the authors' opinion and implicit bias towards the ruler. It is to make Demna appear guilty in the process of Shanzabeh's death and consider the reason for his trial and death to be only a conspiracy to kill Shenzabeh. While the fight of Demna with power and crossing the red lines and openly criticizing the lion has put him in such a situation. By using the theory of "Aesthetics of Perception", we can find signs in the story that show that the main reason for designing this story was the opposition of Demna to the rulership. The aforementioned theory, which has a deep connection with literary studies, was founded at the University of Konstanz- Germany- by Eiser and Yaos, and became known as the Konstanz School. Considering the fixed meaning of literary texts to be baseless, Eiser and Yaos believed that it is possible to discover the meaning by reading and lead the readers to play a role in the production of meaning. This research was done to answer these questions:1. Is the existing text and reading of the story of the lion and the cow the most acceptable reading of the story? 2. How can the story of the lion and the cow be interpreted based on the theory of reception and provide another reading of it? As a result of this research, by using the descriptive-analytical method and using library resources, he has tried to analyze the story of the lion and the cow, based on the originality of the reader's understanding, and search for Demna 's work, and get a new understanding of the story and it shows that has not been presented so far. The results of this method which is based on different readings is to create pluralism and open new horizons. Thus, the result of this study, if successful, can be a model for interpreting similar texts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Kalila and Demna
• Hermeneutics
• Theory of Reception
• Text and Reader