نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ص.پ 4697- 13939، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
زبان ادبی یا زبان شاعرانه و بلاغی اصطلاحی است که گاهی در برابر زبان معمول روزمره و خودکار قرار میگیرد و گاهی در مقابل زبان علمی به کار میرود. زبان ادبی و شاعرانه؛ هرچند پدیدهای است درونِ نظام زبان، امّا تعریف، ویژگیها، اجزا و کارکردهایی خودْویژه و متفاوتی دارد. برجستهترین ویژگی و عنصر زبانِ ادبی، واقعیتگریزی و بیان جهانهای ممکن، ساختن و نشاندادن جهانهای ناممکن، برخورداری از جوهرة تخیّل و خلّاقیّت، بهرهمندی از عوامل زیباییشناختی و هنجارگریزی تا دستیابی به انواع برجستهسازی و آشناییزدایی است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش که به شیوة اسنادی ـ توصیفی و تا اندازهای تجزیه و تحلیل ادبی صورت میگیرد، مطالعه و بررسی آثار و متون یکی از عرفای قرن پنجم هجری؛ یعنی خواجه عبدالله انصاری، از چشمانداز زبان ادب و کشف عناصر و مؤلّفههای زبان شاعرانه و بلاغی، پرداختن به مقولههای زبانی و زیباییشناختی و سرانجام پیوستگی زبان ادبی با زبان عرفانی در آثار شیخ انصاری است. این پژوهش در پایان نیز به این نتیجه میرسد که هرچند شیخالاسلام انصاری، عارف بزرگی است و غرض اصلی از خلق آثار، بیشتر تعلیم و آموزش، وعظ و خطابه، شرح و بیان آیات و احادیث برای مریدان، شاگردان و مخاطبان بوده است و اغلب سخنانش در مراحل جذبه، استغراق و سُکر عرفانی جاری شده است، امّا از بهرة زیباییشناختی آنها نیز غافل نبوده است و وجود همین عناصر و مؤلّفههای زبان ادبی و پیوستگی آن با زبان عرفانی خواجه، باعث تفاوت در سبک ادبی شخصی او هم شده است.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Aresearch on the Elements and Components of the Literary (Rhetorical) Language of Khajeh Abdullah Ansari's Works
نویسنده [English]
- Hafez Hatami
Associate Professor in Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Payam Noor University, post box 13939- 4697 Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Literary language or poetic and rhetorical language is a term that is sometimes used against automatic and everyday language and sometimes it is used against scientific language; In addition, it can be placed in the middle of these two types of language. Although Literary language is a phenomenon within the language system, it has its own definition, characteristics, components and functions. Although literary language is a phenomenon within the linguistic system, it has its own and different definition, characteristics, components and functions. The most outstanding feature and element of literary language is the avoidance of reality and the expression of possible worlds for the audience, the creation and presentation of impossible worlds, the possession of the essence of imagination and creativity, the benefit of aesthetic factors and, in addition to that, the avoidance of norms that can also Foregrounding (highlight) and defamiliarization.
Dealing with the subject of the use and function of literary and poetic language has a long history as old as the debates between formalists and semanticists and the use of terms such as matter and substance of the past to material and preparation or plan and story of the contemporaries (artistic devices). The main purpose of this research, which is done in a documentary-descriptive way and to some extent analysis of literary content, is to study and research the works and texts of one of the mystics of the 5th century Hijri; That is, Khwaja Abdullah Ansari, from the perspective of the language of literature and the discovery of elements and components of poetic and rhetorical language, dealing with linguistic and aesthetic categories, and finally the connection of literary language with mystical language in the works of this mystical writer. At the end of the current research, we come to the conclusion that although Sheikh Al-Islam Ansari is a great mystic and the main purpose of creating his works was mostly education, sermons and speeches, explanations and expressions of verses and hadiths for disciples, students and audiences, and often His words have flowed in states and stages of fascination, absorption and mystical drunkenness, but Khajeh was not oblivious to their aesthetic benefits, and the presence of these elements and components of literary language and its connection with the mystical language of Sheikh Ansari, caused a difference in his literary style and Even achieving personalized style; The method and model that after him has been welcomed by many mystics, Sufis and writers of taste and style.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Literary language
- aversion of reality
- norm of escape
- fiction (imagination) Khajeh Abdullah Ansari
- Rasãel (treatises)